AA: I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on WORDMASTER:
we talk with Pat O'Conner, co-author with her husband Stewart Kellerman
of a new book called "Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions
of the English Language."
RS: But first, here's a question for
you. Which would you say, "All debts are cleared between you and I" or
"All debts are cleared between you and me"? Is "I" or "me" the correct
object? According to Pat O'Conner, for centuries either one would have
been fine. Shakespeare, you should know, used "I" when he included that
line in "The Merchant of Venice."
AA: But later the rule books
got rewritten. Pat O'Conner says some people in the nineteenth century,
probably influenced by rules for Latin, began to argue that "I" was
wrong -- well, you know what I mean. Which leads to a question that Pat
O'Conner gets asked a lot: who decides what's right? She says we all do.
PAT
O'CONNER: "Well, if something becomes a common enough usage, it becomes
the accepted usage. Take the word 'agenda,' for instance. As recently
as the nineteenth century it was a plural word. It meant the items on a
list. Someone might have said to you 'What are your agenda for our
meeting?' Later the word 'agenda' became used as a singular for the
list itself rather than the items on the list.
"And similarly
the words 'media' and 'data' are now changing. They're on the cusp of
changing. 'Data,' I think, is over the edge. It's very seldom used as a
plural anymore. Even the New York Times has changed its policy on that.
It now has come to mean information as a whole."
RS: "How does a
person learning English as a foreign language -- or someone who knows
English quite well as a native speaker -- know what's right? It's not
always what sounds right, or is it?"
PAT O'CONNER: "It depends
on how well read you are, what you hear when you're growing up and
those sorts of things. But I think for someone learning English as a
second language, the best thing you can do is to acquire a good,
up-to-date dictionary of American English -- say the American Heritage,
fourth edition, or the Merriam-Webster 's Collegiate, eleventh edition,
something like that that's always being updated. And always read the
fine print. These things do change.
"For example, fifty years
ago, if you looked in a dictionary for how to pronounce the word
spelled n-i-c-h-e, you would have seen only one proper English
pronunciation and that is 'nitch.' A lot of people don't realize this.
They think that 'neesh' is the only correct pronunciation.
"In
fact, 'neesh' evolved as an error. It was a Frenchification of the
word. People looked at it, it looked French, they started pronouncing
it as if it were French. It made it into dictionaries because it was so
common, and now dictionaries give two pronunciations."
AA: "And you write that 'neesh' is now forcing out 'nitch.'"
PAT O'CONNER: "It is -- it's inching ahead!"
RS:
"Something that we consider here at WORDMASTER very colloquial is
'ain't.' And according to your book, it hasn't always been considered
bad English."
PAT O'CONNER: "No, it was formed around the early
sixteen hundreds with a huge class of other contractions: don't, can't,
isn't. And ain't was one of them. It was a contraction for two sets of
words, for 'am not' and 'are not.' And it was originally spelled a'nt
or a'n't. Perfectly legitimate.
"The problem was, in the late
seventeen hundreds, people started using it as a contraction for 'is
not.' And then in the eighteen hundreds they started using it as a
contraction for 'have not' and 'has not,' as in 'I ain't got my wallet
with me' or 'He ain't here.' Well, as soon as it got too big for its
britches, ain't lost its reputation for legitimacy. Its parentage just
could not be traced. And so it's been considered a grammatical no-no
since sometime in the nineteenth century."
RS: Pat O'Conner's
newest book is "Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of
the English Language." We'll talk more with her next time.
AA: And that's WORDMASTER for this week. With Rosanne Skirble, I'm Avi Arditti.
