AA:
I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on WORDMASTER:
terms from the recession. Dictionary editor Ben Zimmer is back with us.
And it sounds like he's going to start with a popular term these days,
"shovel-ready."
(Sound of shoveling)
BEN ZIMMER: "Well,
shovel-ready is a term that's been used to describe infrastructure
projects that are ready to go when stimulus money is available. The new
stimulus package has passed the Congress and they are prioritizing
those projects that are already planned out. And all they need is the
money to get started and people can start digging in and getting to
work right away."
AA: "And we know that some of these projects
are not in the traditional sense of building roads or rebuilding
bridges, they're more health care investments, educational investments.
Is there a term to describe those, or are those in danger of being left
out because they can't claim they're shovel-ready because they don't
involve shovels -- "
RS: "Or don't involve digging?"
BEN
ZIMMER: "I think that there are metaphorical shovels at work in those
other types of projects. Even though it starts with construction
projects, things that are obviously related to digging in with shovels,
it's definitely been extended to other things. So you can be
shovel-ready even if you don't have a shovel."
RS: "What other terms have come about in recent months because of our economic situation?"
BEN
ZIMMER: "Well, we've heard a lot of terms coming out of the banking
sector. The Treasury Department has said that it's going to evaluate
banks by using a 'stress test.' In the medical sense, you can undergo a
stress test to see, for instance, how strong your heart is. So that's
used as a diagnostic method in medicine.
"Stress tests are
also used, for instance, in information technology to test software, to
see how robust the software is given different situations. In the
financial sense, it's to determine how robust a bank or other financial
institution is to withstand further economic conditions that could
increasingly get worse in the future."
RS: "And now we have words like 'good bank' and 'bad bank' and 'zombie bank.' What are those?"
BEN
ZIMMER: "Well, the zombie bank is a term that's been used to refer to a
bank that really should have gone bust but it's being kept alive by
government guarantees in the form of bailout money, for instance. So
there are banks that people are saying 'Well, it's really just
surviving because it's being propped up by the government.' So it's a
zombie -- it's really already dead, but the government is somehow
trying to keep alive a bank that's already dead because its stock is
almost worthless, its value has really gone under. And so people are
talking about zombie banks in this way.
"But there are a lot
of banks that are in a kind of a gray area right now, where it's
unclear what their future is going to be. And what happens with them
will really be contingent on what happens with the government taking
over their bad debt, what's often called 'toxic debt' or 'toxic
assets.' And so the proposal is to have a government-run bank, which
has been labeled a bad bank, that would allow these private banks to
unload all of their bad debt.
"There are people in the
government who don't like that term. They would prefer to call it an
'aggregator bank' because it aggregates all of this toxic debt from the
private banks and allows the government to deal with it without the
government completely taking over the bank."
RS: "With the term bad bank, you really know what you've got, though."
BEN
ZIMMER: "And oftentimes we need some distance on a particular event
before we really know what the terminology is that we're using to
describe it. For instance, we don't really even know what to call this
current economic downturn. There have been lots of suggestions about
calling it the Great Recession or the Great Credit Crunch or various
other terms. But like the Great Depression in the nineteen thirties, we
probably need some distance before we really have a label that will
stick."
AA: Ben Zimmer is executive producer of the Visual
Thesaurus, an online thesaurus and dictionary. So what would you call
the economic situation right now? Give us your suggestions and comments
at our Web site, voanews.com/wordmaster where you can also find a whole
list of recession-related terms that Ben has put together. And that's
WORDMASTER for this week. With Rosanne Skirble, I'm Avi Arditti.
___
Words of the Recession
Ben Zimmer, executive producer, visualthesaurus.com
The Banking Meltdown
bad bank: proposed government-run bank that would allow private banks to unload their toxic assets (some suggest a more benign term: aggregator bank).
zombie bank: a
bank that should have gone bust, kept alive by government guarantees.
bankster: combination of
"bank" and "gangster" (revival of term from the '30s).
stress test: Treasury Department test for the nation's largest banks, to evaluate whether they have adequate capital to withstand further downturns (metaphor borrowed from cardiac stress tests).
clawback: system
by which a financial company can take back bonus payments paid to employees in
previous years to make up for losses in the current year.
malus: like a "clawback,"
allows executive bonuses to be held in escrow over an extended period and
returned based on failed performance. (Union Bank of Switzerland introduced a
"bonus/malus" system.)
cramdown: involuntary imposition by a court of a reorganization plan over the objection of creditors. (President Barack Obama supports legislation to allow federal bankruptcy judges to "cram down" mortgage loan balances on the primary residences of people who file for bankruptcy protection.)
Stimulating Terms
shovel-ready:
used to describe infrastructure projects that are ready to go when stimulus
money is available. Winner of the Most Likely to Succeed category in the
American Dialect Society's 2008 Word of the Year voting, with
"bailout" the overall winner. (Word Routes column)
stim package: journalistic shorthand
for "stimulus package" (officially known as the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act, or ARRA) -- shortened even further to stim
pack.
TIGER: Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (a contrived acronym from the Department of Transportation); new transportation projects will be stamped with the TIGER logo.
three-legged stool: Obama's metaphor
for a multi-pronged approach to economic recovery (restoring jobs, restoring
credit, regulatory reform).
porkulus: epithet used by
conservative opponents of the stimulus package, who see it as more
"pork" than "stimulus."
Hard Times
crecession: a suggested term for the current crisis, mixing "credit crisis" and "recession" (It hasn't caught on. There have been many other suggestions, from "The Credit Crunch" to "The Great Recession." We might not settle on a name until after the fact (much like we haven't settled on a name for the current decade).
depression: a dangerous word, as British Prime Minister Gordon Brown recently learned. He dared to use the D-word to describe the global economic picture, but then he issued a correction saying that he meant "recession." Ironically, "depression" was originally used by Herbert Hoover as a more benign term for what had previously been called a (financial) "panic."
hard times: an old phrase that makes an appearance whenever the economy suffers, going back to the financial panic of 1837.
doing more with less: a management cliche used to justify downsizing and belt-tightening. The expression goes back to the 19th century but became a catchphrase during the austerity measures of World War II.
The Home Front
homedulgence / homedulging: the tendency for consumers in a recession to socialize at home, indulging on a smaller scale (similar to last summer's staycation).
chiconomic: style-conscious on a budget (similar to frugalista, recessionista and recession chic).
bleisure: the blurring of business and leisure, as more people work from home or for less strictly defined hours.
(The last three are buzzwords promoted by The Future Laboratory, a British trend forecasting and consulting business.)