Atef Al-Buhaisi is a 6-year-old from the Palestinian territory of Gaza. He once dreamed of a career building houses. Now, all he wants is to return to school.
In Israel's war with Hamas, Atef's home has been bombed, his teacher killed and his school in Nuseirat made into a refuge for displaced people. He lives in a crowded tent with his family in Deir al-Balah in central Gaza.
The war started last October. It was Israel’s answer to the Hamas attack on October 7. The terrorists killed some 1,200 people and took 250 hostages from southern Israel.
Since the start of the war, all of Gaza's schools have closed, leaving hundreds of thousands of students like Atef without formal schooling or a safe place to spend their days. Aid groups are working to keep children off the streets and their minds centered on something other than the war.
“What we’ve lost most is the future of our children and their education,” said Irada Ismael, Atef’s grandmother. "Houses and walls are rebuilt, money can be earned again...but how do I compensate for (his) education?”
Gaza faces a humanitarian crisis
Aid groups say about 80 percent of Gaza’s population has been driven from their homes. Much of Gaza is damaged or destroyed, including nearly 90 percent of school buildings.
The Gaza Health Ministry, which is controlled by Hamas, says more than 35,000 Palestinians, including civilians and fighters, have been killed in the war.
And the head of the U.N. World Food Program said a “full-blown famine” is already underway in the north.
Children are among the most severely affected. The U.N. estimates some 19,000 children have been orphaned and nearly a third under the age of two face malnutrition.
In emergencies, education is less important than safety, health and sanitation, education experts say. But the effects are lasting.
Before the war, Gaza was home to more than 625,000 students and some 20,000 teachers, the U.N. says. In other conflicts, aid groups can create safe spaces for children in neighboring countries. Poland has been used for shelter and schooling for Ukrainians during the war there, for example.
That is not possible in Gaza, a highly populated area locked between the sea, Israel and Egypt. Since October 7, Palestinians from Gaza have not been permitted to cross into Israel. Egypt has let a small number of Palestinians leave.
Tess Ingram is with the children and education organization UNICEF. She told the Associated Press, "It’s very hard to provide them with certain services, such as mental health and psychosocial support or consistent education and learning.”
Aid groups try to help
Aid groups hope classes will start by September. But even if a cease-fire deal is reached, much of Gaza must be cleared of mines. And rebuilding schools could take years.
In the meantime, aid groups are providing activities like games, drawing, and art. The activities are not a formal education but provide children with a sense of normalcy. Even then, supporters say, their attention often turns to the war. Atef's grandmother sees him draw pictures only of tents, planes and missiles.
Finding free space is among the biggest difficulties. Some volunteers use the outdoors, do their best inside tents where people live, or find a room in homes still standing.
This month, UNICEF had planned to build at least 50 tents for some 6,000 children from preschool to grade 12 to provide some informal schooling. But UNICEF says those plans could be disrupted by Israel's operation there.
Lack of schooling can cause psychological impacts. It disrupts daily life and, combined with conflict, makes children more likely to experience anxiety, said Jesus Miguel Perez Cazorla. He is a mental health expert with the International Committee of the Red Cross.
Children in conflicts are also at increased risk of forced labor, sexual violence, trafficking and recruitment by criminal and armed groups, experts warn.
Samantha Nutt is with War Child USA, a group that supports children and families in war zones. She said the children are in danger of being recruited by Hamas and other militant groups. The constant violence makes children believe that they “want to take action against the groups they consider responsible,” she said.
Palestinian parents say they have seen more children on the streets trying to earn money for their families. Some try to find small ways to teach their children. But many say the kids are too distracted, with the world around them at war.
Sabreen al-Khatib is a mother whose family was displaced to Deir al-Balah from Gaza City. She said it is especially hard for the many who have seen relatives die.
“When you speak in front of children," al-Khatib said, "what do you think he is thinking? Will he think about education? Or about himself, how will he die?”
I'm Dan Novak.
And I'm Gena Bennett.
Dan Novak adapted this story for VOA Learning English based on reporting by The Associated Press.
Quiz - For Children of Gaza, War Means No School
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Words in This Story
formal — adj. requiring or using serious and proper clothes and manners
compensate — v. to provide something good as a balance against something bad or undesirable
famine — n. a situation in which many people do not have enough food to eat
orphan — n. a child whose parents are dead
malnutrition — n. the unhealthy condition that results from not eating enough food or not eating enough healthy food
anxiety — n. fear or nervousness about what might happen
traffic — v. to buy or sell something especially illegally
recruit — v. to find suitable people and get them to join a company, an organization, the armed forces, etc.
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